Abstract:Velvet antler polypeptides account for 50% to 60% of the total wet mass of velvet antler and are one of the most important physiologically active substances in velvet antler. This article presents a systematic review of previous studies on the composition of velvet antler polypeptides and the methods used to extract and purify them, with focuses on their effects on the immune system, nervous system, cardiovascular system and skeletal system and their anti-fatigue, antioxidant, anti-tumor and other biological activities. Moreover, future trends and research prospects are discussed as well.